From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing - 3920 Words

28 September 2011 From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing Towards a paradigm shift in marketing Prepared by: Mai Hamed Shady Marzouk Presented to: Dr. Mariam Abo youssef Table of Contents Introduction 3 Marketing Mix 4 The problem with the Marketing Mix 7 The Nature of the Marketing Mix 8 What is the History of the Marketing Mix? 9 Contemporary Theories of Marketing 11 The New Approaches and the Marketing Mix 12 The Future: The Relationship Marketing Concept 13 Relationship Marketing 14 Is There a Paradigm Shift in Marketing? 14 Conclusion 15 References 16 Introduction This report discusses how the marketing mix management paradigm has dominated the marketing thought, research and practice†¦show more content†¦From the perspective of production development, it is frequently stated that cultural expressions need to find their market in order to survive, but it is also the case that the sacrificing of cultural content with little market value lowers the value of cultural production overall. From the perspective of rights to and processes of identity construction, culture generates services that cannot be governed exclusively by the market, especially in view of the marginality of subaltern groups. Nevertheless, it is almost impossible to think of cultural practices and consumption today without involving the market in some way. For marketers in the cultural industry it is important to identify the factors influencing consumers’ purchasing. Cultural factors are essentially important in selection of the two elements of place and product. For example, someone brought up in an environment that values art would be more likely to buy artistic products. Even it may be important considering customers in terms of their sub-culture. One may be surrounded by people who not only value art but place a higher priority on paintings as opposed to the music. As a result, they will be more likely to buy paintings rather than musical instrument. Pricing the artistic products and activities should also follow a logic trend. This practice may be done through some standardsShow MoreRelatedNeil Borden and The Concept of Marketing Mix Essay example677 Words   |  3 PagesWhen talking about marketing the idea that just comes to mind is a program designed to sell product or simply advertise and no wonder we been bombarded with a lots of different advertising trying to sell something. (Armstrong and Kotler, 2007) But what is marketing? According (Meldrum and McDonald, 2007), marketing can be defined as â€Å"the way in which an organisation matches its human, financial and physical resources with the wants and needs of its customers† but (Ebert and Griffin, 2013) also definedRead MoreMarketing Mix : A Business Tool1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe term ‘Marketing mix’ is said to have first been used by Borden (1965). The term ‘Marketing mix’ was derived from the lone P (price) of microeconomic theory (Chong, 2003). The marketing mix is a business tool often used in marketing and by marketers. The marketing mix is important when trying to determine a product or brand s offer, and is often identified with the four P’s which are; price, place, promotion and product (McCarthy, 1964). Kent (1986) describes the four P’s as â€Å"the holy quadrupleRead MoreThe Marketing Mix Of Borden1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe marketing mix was claimed to be introduced by Borden (1965) by hi mself and was suggested to him by Culliton (1948) as he described the action of a business decision-making as â€Å"mixer of ingredient†. The marketing mix is known to be a business tool to most, which needs to be taken under consideration in order for the business to be successful. The marketing mix was first originated from the single P, which was â€Å"Price† from the microeconomics theory (Chong 2003). Due to competiveness, new P’s wereRead MoreCritical Evaluation of the Marketing Mix1115 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Evaluation of the Marketing Mix â€Å"The Marketing Mix is a combination of Product, Price, Place and Promotion (The four P’s) that helps increase sales to the target market† (McCarthy, 1960 cited in Combe 2006 p126) This systematic tool is more commonly used once a business has decided on its overall competitive marketing strategy. This includes analysing marketing opportunities and selecting a target market. The development of the four P’s to the advantage of a specific business can beRead MoreThe Strategic Planning Marketing Process Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesThe Strategic Planning Marketing Process An organization must use a strategic marketing process to distribute its marketing mix resources to reach its target markets. The elements of a proper marketing mix are price, product, place, and promotion. They are the four P’s of the marketing process (Goi, 2009) Good understanding of the marketing mix is important for an organization. When a company is developing a marketing plan, it must consider each element. Just as important is an understandingRead MoreMarketing Differences Between B2C and B2B Websites1494 Words   |  6 PagesDifferences in Marketing for B2C and B2B Sites March 27, 2006 Differences in Marketing for B2C and B2B Sites Introduction Marketing in an electronic-business/commerce (e-business/e-commerce) arena today is truly no different than the ole ‘brick and mortar business. Business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) sites need to have a crafty approach to implement marketing strategies and develop an effective marketing plan to reach the intended (targeted) market. Thus, the mixingRead MoreMarketing Mix1070 Words   |  5 PagesThe marketing mix is primarily made up of four variables, and they are product, place, price, and promotion. These variables are often referred to as the four P s. Many sources often describe the marketing mix as a recipe used in developing a viable marketing strategy, with each ingredient being used different ways and at different times based on the product or service one is trying to market. This paper will utilize three sources to describe the elements of the marketing mix. It will also describeRead MoreThe Relationship Between Strategic Planning And The Mark eting Management Process759 Words   |  4 Pages MGMT 5302 – Marketing Analysis Final Exam Question #1 (6 points) Describe the relationship of strategic planning and the marketing management process. The strategic planning is a long look at the future or path of growth that the company wishes to go in. To achieve that growth or travel that path several objectives are needed to keep that company on the correct one, marketing management is a part of that process. If the market management is not adhering to the overall strategic plan of the companyRead MoreMarketing in Todays Business World Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesWe often hear people talk about marketing and some of its functions. But what does the term ‘marketing’ actually mean? Various definitions have been suggested. In 1976, the Chartered Institute of Marketing described marketing as ‘’the management process that identifies, anticipates and satisfies customer requirements profitably’’ (Watkis 2008). This definition suggests that research is vital in determining market necessities. Marketers must be in a position to predict what future consumer needsRead MoreMarketing Communica tion998 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing communications are the means by which firms attempt to inform, persuade, and remind consumers—directly or indirectly—about the products and brands that they sell. The marketing communications mix consists of six major modes of communication. List and briefly explain each using a specific product or service to illustrate their use. The chosen product for this assignment is Coca – Cola. It is a well known fizzy beverage which has been around from the eighteenth century. The primary target

The Renaissance in Europe - 1068 Words

The significance of the word Renaissance is rebirth or a regeneration of a period. This period was called the Middle Ages and it began during the fourteenth century. The Renaissance was mainly characterized for the development of learning and thinking. This period also distinguished the discovery and exploration of new continents, system of astronomy, the growth of commerce, and the innovations of paper, printing, compass, art, literature, math and science. During this period, it was primarily the revival where people would learn, think, and invent new things after having a long period of cultural decline. Some of the main concepts during this time were the belief in humanism, the ravishing art that captured this age, the influence of the†¦show more content†¦The Pope, who had the responsibility of running the Catholic Church, also ruled Rome. As the power of the northern city states grew the Papacy increasingly became an international politician rather than a spiritual lead er. Nevertheless, Rome was the victim of a decline that had destroyed the ancient city during the Middle Ages which had grown once again under papal leadership during the Renaissance. Venice and Milan also grew wealthy and powerful which both had large roles in Italian politics. Venice was ruled by oligarchy in the hands of Great Council of noble families, and Milan by a strong monarchy that produced a line of powerful dukes. The art works during the Middle Ages were quite breathtaking because the artists were able to capture the period of Renaissance and incorporate it through their paintings. The arts reflected the deep interest in religion but the artist would also focus on portraits of people, landscapes or scenes of everyday life. The ending of fifteenth century there were three main artists Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti and Raphael Sanzio who enlighten their paintings and sculptures with their unique touch and own personality. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was known for the Renaissance man because of his intellectual, talent and expression of humanist values. Leonardo was not just a painter but an engineer, mathematician, inventor, architect, scientist,Show MoreRelatedRenaissance in Europe829 Words   |  4 Pagesperiod from approximately 1375 to 1527, an event known as the Renaissance took place in Europe. This was the establishment of an entirely new way of life; there was a vast reb irth of knowledge and arts which changed Europe completely. Due to events such as the rediscovery of classical works, the Black Death, the invention of the printing press, and the development of humanism, the Renaissance greatly influenced Europe on many levels. Europe gained more wealth, which led to the progression of a new focusRead MoreRenaissance In Europe851 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance was a period of enlightenment influenced by classicalism, the rediscovery of greco-roman arts. It is considered the bridge between the Dark Ages and the Modern era. The movement originated in Italy, the country that would eventually become the focal point for the rebirth of Europe. Although Italy is attributed with creation of the Renaissance, its success was simply a result of its relationship with the Islamic world. The Islamic world enabled Europe’s transition from the MedievalRead MoreThe Renaissance in Europe1418 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Renaissance†, which is Fre nch for â€Å"rebirth†, perfectly describes the rebirth of art and learning that occurred in Europe between the 1400s and 1600s. During the era known as the Renaissance, Europe underwent a cultural movement in which people regained interest in the ancient cultures of Greece and Rome. A renewed interest in philosophy and human individuality lead to the development of more worldly and nonreligious focuses. Europe sought knowledge from the ancient world and moved out of the DarkRead MoreThe Renaissance: The Rebirth of Europe1245 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The Renaissance represented a rebirth of the Aristotelian spirit. The results of that spirit are written across the next two centuries, which men describe, properly, as the Age of Reason and the Age of Enlightenment. The results include the rise of modern science; the rise of an individualist political philosophy (the work of John Locke and others); the consequent spread of freedom across the civilized world; and the birth of the freest country in history, the United States of America. TheRead MoreMedieval Europe And The Renaissance Essay3095 Words   |  13 Pages1. Renaissance - The Renaissance was a time in which Medieval Europe transformed into more modern times. Renaissance means rebirth in French. Medieval Europe had been fragmented and feudal with an agricultural economy, and the church controlled its thought and culture. During the Renaissance, Europe grew national consciousness and political centralization. An urban economy based on organized commerce and capitalism and a secular view on life emerged. The Renaissance showed the birth of humanism,Read More Impact Of The Renaissance in Europe Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The impact of the nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Renaissance on Europe nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Jacob Burckhardt best describes the renaissance as the prototype of the modern world, for it was the period between the fourteenth and fifteenth century in Italy, when the base of modern civilisation was formed. It was mainly through the revivalRead MoreInfluence Of The Renaissance On Modern Europe1174 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the Black Death to Napoleon, many developments and events have transpired in Europe during these years; none of which were more significant than the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and the French Revolution. Of these three events, the Renaissance proved to be the most important event in shaping a modern Europe, with developments in education, class structure/order and social change issues, religion, building construction/use, Medici banking system, art and architecture, humanism, printingRead MoreCauses Of Success Of Renaissance And Western Europe2108 Words   |  9 PagesName: Class Name: Professor Name: Date: Causes of the Success of Renaissance in Western Europe The Renaissance was that time that still acts as a transition of the world from being an underdeveloped place to a place of enlightenment and knowledge. The developments made during the Renaissance in political, cultural, social, artistic, and educational arenas laid the groundwork for modern day technological and social developments. World dynamics shifted very swiftly from the Middle Ages to the ageRead MoreBlack African Of Renaissance Europe : Treatment And Impact2200 Words   |  9 PagesAfricans in Renaissance Europe: Treatment and Impact Perhaps the first people one thinks of on hearing †Renaissance Europe,† is Shakespeare or Michelangelo. Yet those well known figures who have not been lost as the wheel of time grinds forth, and who still have a great impact in the artistic world today should not be considered the only people of importance from the Renaissance. There are other figures from this time frame who have greatly impacted the European mindset during the Renaissance, breedingRead More Magnificent Minds Of The Renaissance in Europe Essay856 Words   |  4 Pages The high renaissance of the 1500s was a time of scientific, philosophic, and artistic awe and inspiration. Many new discoveries were being made in the field of science, and philosophers expressed their assumptions on the world and universe around them. In addition, many individuals were gifted with artistic dexterity and skill. The amazing achievements of Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci are considered significant to the Ren aissance period. In this paper, the endeavors and achievements

Assignment Wastewater Management Report †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain Assignment Wastewater Management Report? Answer: Introducation: The task that is contained in this assignment wastewater management report is purely original and has never been submitted or published in any other forum before. Therefore, if in any case should this authorship be found not bearing any truth, then a disciplinary action and penalties should be taken by the university policies and regulations. Background Australia stands to be one of the biggest countries around the world and besides it is one of the countries well known to be experiencing challenges related to water. It is approximated to be around 7 million square kilometers of which approximately one percentage of the total are is covered with water. Thus it is very clear that the supply of water to the residents of Australia is from either the natural bodies or rain. Moreover, the natural water bodies are not enough since the population also is getting bigger and bigger every day(Bonomo, 2002, p. 544). A solution to the scenario is wastewater treatment and recycling. Waste water treatment involves dealing with many types of wastes including domestic water, sewage waste, industrial waste, chemical wastes, and pesticides among others. Some plants have a better and efficient plan of recycling the wastewater thereby making it safe and clean for usage.one major challenge with the recycling of the wastewater is that it totally depends on the cooperation of the community(Chris Binnie, 2008, p. 321). This, therefore, calls for the winning of the public trust to ensure the success of this whole process. The wastewater treatment recycling plant basically consists of three different stages which includes; the primary treatment stage, secondary treatment stage and finally the tertiary treatment stage .the primary treatment stage involves mostly the solid objects such as wood, metal, paper among others which are eliminated through multi-stage screening process .60% of the solids get removed at this stage and consequently the BOD is reduced by approximately 30%. The process involved at this stage is screening, sedimentation, grit removal and finally flocculation(D. G. Rao, 2012, p. 785). The second stage is the secondary treatments stage which comprises of organic treatment thereby eliminating the organic compounds. It involves both bacterial decomposition and the conversion of the organic compounds into carbon IV oxide. The decomposition is aided through the anaerobic process. Finally, the tertiary treatment process is concerned with the removal of approximately 99% of the pollutants thereby increasing the quality of the treated water. This process involves the reverse osmosis techniques, ultrafiltration and finally microfiltration. Also, the disinfection is done at this stage. These techniques even though they are expensive, they determine the overall quality of the resulting water(Dietrich Borchardt, 2013, p. 674). Wastewater Treatment Plant Description of Wastewater Treatment Plant in Malabar The plant at Malabar is one of the largest wastewater treatment plants in the greater Sydney, Illawarra, and the Blue Mountain regions. Situated along the southern coastline, Malabar plant recycles water at approximately 627 square kilometers i.e. from Greenfield to Tasman Sea. It collects both the industrial wastes and residential sewage at a ratio of 28% and 72 % respectively and besides treats approximately 470 million liters of water daily, this amount shoots up during the wet seasons. The most challenge facing Malabar plant is the bad odor that is emanating from it which is a common complaint by the local community although there is a plan to take charge of the problem. Malabar plant wastewater treatment runs on the three stages i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary stages as discussed below(Fereidoun Ghassemi, 2007, p. 986). The primary treatment involves the separation of the larger particles. This is primarily achieved by a system of six stage screening process that comprises of different mesh size screens which separate and discard the particles regarding their sizes. The materials include plastic, metal, cotton, paper, etc. the gravel, sand and some other inorganic materials are eliminated by the use of an aerated grit allowing the wastewater to flow to the sedimentation tanks where all the solid particles settle down at the bottom(Gayathri Devi Mekala, 2008, p. 675). The solids then are further removed. Other materials that are removed are the oily materials such as the industrial oils, kitchen oils, and grease among others. After the primary treatment stage, the biological treatment follows .firstly; it is done in the absence of oxygen then later it is done aerobically. The microorganisms are used to consume the organic material and in the process decomposing them. This greatly reduces the BOD. Since the chief sources of oxygen are the nitrites, phosphates, sulfates and dissolved organic material, the anoxic treatment process is carried out in a closed chamber since it produces a bad odor(Hamidi Abdul Aziz, 2014, p. 989). The anoxic process is proceeded by the performance of the aerobic process in open tanks since the bacteria requires oxygen and also extra air for it to diffuse and mix the activated sewage and biomass into a mixed liquor. After a period of 4 to 6 hours, the concentration of oxygen is now about 2mg/Loafer aerobic process hence the mixed liquor is channeled to the clarifier for 3 hours .in the clarifier, most of the organic particles get suspended forming an activated sludge which is reused in the process(Jr, 2005, p. 975). The treated wastewater is then released into a deep ocean outfall through a large tunnel that is 3.6 kilometers long .at the discharge point, the sea is 80m deep. The disinfectant used is the salt water since most of the bacteria are not able to survive in heavy sunlight .the wastewater outfalls and their surrounding are continuously monitored by the Sydney water and the environment protection agency. During this process, the solids that are located at the sedimentation tanks are also treated in the aerobic digesters. This helps in stabilizing the process that follows into the biosolids and furthermore prevents the odor from rising into serious levels. The decomposition of anaerobic solids results into methane gas which can be beneficially used in the production of electricity and also utilization in the heat digesters(Kurbiel, 2003, p. 636). The digested solid goes into the centrifuge where excess water gets eliminated and treated with other wastewater. The dry bio can be used in farms as compost manure. Below is a schematic diagram of the flow chart Alternate Wastewater Treatment System Using MBR MBR in full means membrane bioreactor which provides high quality treated water from the effluent water. This system involves the primary process which is similar to the conventional screening and removal of grit.The difference is realized in the secondary stage where the retention of the anoxic process is reduced by an hour after which the aeration tanks is used to promote the rate of decomposition by the microorganism, and the air gets continuously bubbled. The membrane reactors play its role after the water that is contained in the aeration is released. Water is then passed through the membrane in the form of very grainy particles meaning that only the small particles can pass through the membrane .all the microorganisms are thus discarded, and 75% of the dissolved particles are removed(LO Kolarik, 2008, p. 674). The process of ultrafiltration and biological treatment for the MBR is more advanced than the conventional method of wastewater treatment. This method is effectively and efficiently used in the municipal water plants, agricultural and in industrial applications. Below is the proposed MBR system (Gayathri Devi Mekala, 2008, p. 535). The total space that is required is the addition of the reactor and clarifier space as illustrated in the below equations. BOD load = average dry weather flow * raw sewage =23 * 275 kg/day =6.325* 103 kg/day Volume of the biological reactor = BOD load * sludge yield * SRT /mlss =6325 *1*15/3500 =27108.14 m3 Aerobic reactor volume(V.K. Gupta, 2012, p. 543). =Total volume * aerobic zone SRT/SRT =27108.14*10/15 =18072.1 m3 Anoxic reactor volume =total volume total volume of the aerobic reactor =27108-18072.1 =9035.9 m3 Area of the reactor = volume / depth =27108.14/4.5 =6024 m2 Size of the clarifier Maximum wastewater flow =PWWF+RAS =3 ADWF +ADWF =4ADWF =4*23 =92 ML /day or 3833.33 m3/hr. Solids load = maximum wastewater flow * MLSS Solids load =3833.33 * 3500* =13416.65kg/h Surface area of the clarifier =solids load / (number of clarifiers *maximum loading rate) =13416.65/7*2 =958.33 m2 Total area for the activated sludge system =surface area of biological reactor + surface area of clarifier =6024+939.05 =6963.05 m2 Total area =area of clarifier + area of biological membrane Area of biological membrane = total volume /reactor depth =27107.142/4.5 =6023.80 m2 Total area = 6023.80 + 939.05 * 2 =7901.9 m2 Membrane cell size The Total area of The Membrane =PWWWF/peak flux =3*23/40 =71875 m2 The total number of membrane modules required= total membrane area /membrane module area = 71875/50 =1438 modules Number of cassettes =no of modules /modules per cassette =1438/32 =45 cassettes Membrane zone volume =volume of cassette * number of cassettes =45*4*2 =360m2 Total space required for the MBR =surface area of the biological reactor + total cassette area =1898+ 360 =2258 m2 Comparison regarding space The membrane system area = 6983 m3 whereas the membrane system =2258 m2 This shows that the space required for setting up the MBR is almost a third of the conventional system thus it occupies less space(Michigan, 2009, p. 583). Power requirement The specific oxygen rate =AOR * DO peak / (B*DO sat- DO zone) x =1.6 * 1.4*9.02 / (0.97*9.02-2)0.65 =4.61 kg O2/kg BOD The BOD load = 6325kg/load Oxygen requirement =BOD load *SOR =6325 * 4.61 =29129.80 kg O2/day =1213.74kg O2/hour The total energy requirement =1213.74/3.5 = 347 kW The specific energy = the total energy requirement /volume of bioreactor =347 /27108 =0.0128 kW/ m3 Energy requirement for MBR SOR = Real * DO sat/ (B*DOsat-DOzone) =3.89 kg O2/ kg BOD Total energy requirement =319.585/ 3.5 =91.31kW Power requirement for membrane zone =3* 2875 =862.5 kW Specific energy =total energy requirement / volume of bioreactor =91.31/ 9488 =0.0096 kW / m3 Comparison of the power requirement For the MBR treatment, the amount of energy required is lower than that of the conventional method of treatment Advantages and Limitations of MBR and the Present Wastewater Treatment System The introduction of the membrane techniques in MBR makes it more efficient than the conventional means treating wastewater. This is because the quality of the effluent is increased with the MBR method. Moreover, this method requires a less space since the later stages are not very essential thus reducing the overall cost. Also, the retention time for the wastewater is reduced plus the volumetric rate is high thereby it handles a more volume than the conventional method over the same period of operation(Partners, 2005, p. 733). The effluent that is passed through the MBR consists of fewer amounts of phosphates and suspended solids as compared to the conventional means .the major limitation of the membrane reactor is the necessity for a huge amount of pumping energy since the wastewater is passed at a very high pressure .not only there are increased costs due to the chemicals that are involved in the treatment process but also these chemicals reduces the quality of the final effluent. Moreover, regular backwashing of the membrane is required at the pores to prevent blockage. Although the backwashing often results into increasing of the pores size. On the other hand, the present treatment method requires less capital investment due to the simple process that it involves. There are no frequent expenses since the construction is always strong. Furthermore, the energy requirement is also reduced(Pawlowski, 2007, p. 183). Advantages of conventional method Reduced capital cost and production costs as compared to the MBR treatment The energy consumption in the conventional method is very low as compared to the MBR treatment method(Russell L. Culp, 2008, p. 646). The maintenance cost is low as compared to the MBR method The conventional method is simple since less automation is required(Xie, 2013, p. 442). Disadvantages The quality of the water produced is low as compared to the MBR method. There are additional costs of biosolids since there is more production of sludge. When compared to the MBR method, the conventional treatment method tends to be slower and time-consuming. It results in more carbon footprint(Amjad, 2010, p. 342). Advantages of MBR treatment This method produces water of a higher quality as compared to the conventional method There is no need for many processes as in the case of conventional method The MBR treatment method consumes a little time The problem of odor is greatly reduced with the MBR treatment This method entails a reduced concentration of BOD, bacteria and suspended solids in the effluent as compared to the conventional method. The membrane separation is dependent on the size of the membrane pores hence there is a high degree of separation. Disadvantages Both the capital cost and the maintenance cost is higher as compared to the conventional method The MBR system consumes a higher amount of energy due to automation. Moreover, this method requires regular checkups hence costly It requires skilled labor for the operation of the process. This method is accompanied with problems of surface fouling(Singh, 2006, p. 992). Drinking water supply augmentation Flow chart diagram of the conventional treatment and MBR treatment Below is the flow chart for both the conventional means of treating water and the MBR treatment methods. Conventional treatment method(Bonomo, 2002, p. 532). Proposed MBR method(Gayathri Devi Mekala, 2008, p. 535). Rationale for the chosen component The method that is used presently at Malabar for managing the wastewater and in turn producing high-quality drinking water is the conventional method. In the primary stage of the treatment process, the plant applies screening, air stripping, flocculation, grit removal, and oxidation. The impurities are after that settled down by passing the effluent through a primary clarifier. In the secondary stage, it includes the biological handling of the effluent whereby the effluent is passed through the anoxic and aerobic zone which essentially discards all the BODs. The remaining impurities are then settled in the secondary clarifier thereby allowing water to pass through into the primary filtration chamber to attain a high quality of the drinking water .it is then passed through a second filtration and also carbon filtration. The carbon filtration process involves the removal of watercolor, taste, and odor. Finally, the water is taken into the final stage that involves the disinfection by using chlorine to eliminate all the bacteria that may result into diseases(Steusloff, 2010, p. 645). The components that are selected for the conventional treatment system plays a greater role in the general coming up of the high-quality drinking water. In the primary stage, the bigger sized particles are eliminated including the suspended solids. The secondary stage ensures the aerobic and anoxic digestion which eliminates the biological and other organic impurities .finally the filtration and chlorination processes ensures that the water is made free from any bacteria that may be a causal for diseases(Steven E. Esmond, 2002, p. 330). Selection of MBR components Just like the conventional means of treating water, the primary treatment process and the clarification process eliminates the coarse particles and the BODs. In the MBR treatment, the membrane provides the biological elimination process. The membrane helps to selectively discard the solids in the water and thereby producing water of high quality.In the Malabar water treatment plant, the pore size of the membrane is approximately 2mm which discards even the tiniest impurity. The final process of disinfection is achieved through chlorination(Thomas Mitchell Schmidt, 2012, p. 846). Conclusion The selection of the treatment method to be used greatly depends on the public perception. The community is greatly concerned with the quality of the water produced. From the comparisons, between the MBR treatment method and the conventional method; the MBR method is the most recommended method to be applied as a result of high speed and quality of the water produced(Zaini Ujang, 2009, p. 555). References Amjad, Z., 2010. The Science and Technology of Industrial Water Treatment. 2nd ed. Melbourne: CRC Press. Bonomo, L., 2002. Advanced Wastewater Treatment, Recycling, and Reuse. 2nd ed. Minnesota: Pergamon Press. Chris Binnie, M. K., 2008. Water Reuse, Scientific, and Technical Report Series. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: IWA Publishing. G. Rao, R. S. J. A. B. S. F., 2012. Wastewater Treatment: Advanced Processes and Technologies. 2nd ed. new York: CRC Press, Dietrich Borchardt, R. I., 2013. Integrated Water Resources Management in a Changing World. 1st ed. Manchester: IWA Publishing, Fereidoun Ghassemi, I. W., 2007. Inter-Basin Water Transfer. 3rd ed. London: Cambridge University Press. Gayathri Devi Mekala, B. D. M. S. A.-M. B., 2008. A framework for efficient wastewater treatment and recycling systems. 2nd ed. Sydney: IWMI. Hamidi Abdul Aziz, A. M., 2014. Wastewater Engineering: Advanced Wastewater Treatment Systems. 2nd ed. Melbourne: IJSR Publications. Jr, J. J. M., 2005. Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design. 4th ed. new York: CRC Press, Kurbiel, J., 2003. Advanced Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation. 2nd ed. new York: Pergamon Press, LO Kolarik, A. P., 2008. Modern Techniques in Water and Wastewater Treatment. 2nd ed. Melbourne: Csiro Publishing, Michigan, t. U. o., 2009. Advanced wastewater treatment. 6th ed. Carlisle: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Partners, G., 2005. Engineering SoundBite: Advanced Wastewater Treatment. 3rd ed. new York: Guyer Partners. Pawlowski, L., 2007. Physicochemical Methods for Water and Wastewater Treatment. 2nd ed. Carlisle: Elsevier, Russell L. Culp, G. M. W. G. L. C., 2008. Handbook of Advanced Wastewater Treatment. 5th ed. Chicago: Van Nostrand Reinhold, Singh, R., 2006. Hybrid Membrane Systems for Water Purification. 2nd ed. Chicago: Elsevier. Steusloff, H., 2010. Integrated Water Resources Management Karlsruhe 2010:. 3rd ed. new York: KIT Scientific Publishing. Steven E. Esmond, T. A. . M. U. M. E. R. L., 2002. The removal of metals and viruses in advanced wastewater treatment sequences, Volume 1. 3rd ed. Carlisle: Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Thomas Mitchell Schmidt, M. S., 2012. Topics in Ecological and Environmental Microbiology. 2nd ed. Leicester: Academic Press. V.K. Gupta, I. A., 2012. Environmental Water: Advances in Treatment, Remediation, and Recycling. 2nd ed. Westminster: Newnes. Xie, L., 2013. Hydraulic Engineering. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press, Zaini Ujang, M. H., 2009. Environmental Biotechnology: Advancement in Water and Wastewater Application in the Tropics. 5th ed. Sydney: IWA Publishing.

Symbolism in Lord of the Flies by William Golding

Lord of the Flies symbolism essay takes a look at imagery used by the author while creating the story. The novel was authored by William Golding, a Nobel Prize winner 1983, in literature. It was written in the early 1950s, just after World War II. However, its publication was later in 1954. The plot of the story was significantly affected by the events of the war. Golding wants to show the savage nature of the human being. He utilizes different symbols to attain his objective. Lord of the Flies Symbolism Essay The symbolism essay Lord of the Flies, reveals the different aspects of society and how we relate with one another. A look at the plot and the different themes that come out of the story have been highlighted and discussed in detail. They help us understand why the author chose to use specific symbols. Plot Summary A group of young schoolboys from Britain get stuck in a tropical island when their plane is shot down during the war. What follows is a series of events that will finally lead to fatalities. They start out working together as a team, and they even elect leaders. However, this does not last for long. When Ralph is elected leader, he makes Jack his assistant. Jack feels that Ralph is not doing a great job and wants to lead himself. He adopts a savage approach that will see him turn the group against Ralph and Piggy and finally causing death. The boys believe that there exists a beast in the island that seeks to cause them harm. This leads the group to be divided. Ralph is concerned with looking for shelter and getting help by using the fire to signal for help. Jack and the hunters, on the other hand, had become obsessed with hunting. The novel ends with Simon and Piggy dead, while Ralph is being hunted. They are eventually rescued by a naval ship. Themes As one reads the books, three themes can be identified. Lord of the Flies essay symbolism, reveals aspects that we can relate to in today's society. The individual conflict that exists between embracing our savage and civil nature; how one can easily lose their innocence and finally how it is easy to get confused between leading and controlling people. Symbolism in Lord of the Flies What is symbolism? Symbolism is described as the use of people and things in a literature piece such as a novel and poem to express ideas. Lord of the Flies symbolism essay reveals how the other has exploited the use of people and things to communicate aspects that reflect our society. Symbolism is in three different formats: It can be universal, archetype or contextual. The characters and items such as fire have been used to represent ideas the author wants to communicate. Lord of the Flies symbolism essay thesis revolves around different issues of society such as power, control, unity, technology and value of science as portrayed by Piggy and how divisive leadership can be toxic. The Conch Shell After the plane crash had separated the boys, Ralph and Piggy come across the conch shell lying on the beach and use it to call the group together. In the novel, the conch shell turns into a very prevailing symbol of civilization and order. Afterwards, the conch shell is used in meetings as a control tool for the one who is to speak, whereby, whoever holding it has the command to speak. In this instance, the conch shell graduates from being a symbol to being an instrument of democratic power and political legitimacy. The conch shell seizes being an influential and powerful symbol and instrument among the boys when the sense of civilization fades away and they resort to savagery. When Ralph is talking about his role in killing Simon, he desperately holds onto the conch shell. Later, when he tries to blow the shell in Jack's camp, the other boys don't pay attention to him and instead throw at stones at him. The remaining sense of civilization amongst the majority of the boys is shredded as Roger rolls a huge rock onto Piggy crushing the shell alongside. Piggy's Glasses The most rational and intelligent boy in the group is Piggy and a symbol of intellectual endeavor and science in the society is drawn to his glasses. At the beginning of the book, the symbolism of his glasses is highlighted when they use the lenses from his glasses was used to start a fire by focusing the rays of the sun. Ralph's group is rendered helpless when the glasses are lost in the aftermath of a raid from Jack's hunters. The Signal Fire The boys light signal fires at two different locations, first in the mountain and later on at the beach, in attempts to signal any passing ship to rescue them. In this event, the signal fire becomes a guide for their connection to civilization in Lord of the Flies fire symbolism essay. When the boys keep the signal fire from burning out, it's a sign that they really want to be rescued and returned to the society. As the fire reduces in intensity, the boys keep on getting comfortable with their savagery on the island and losing the desire to be rescued. On this accord, the signal fire becomes a scale for signifying the amount of remaining civilized instinct. Paradoxically, towards the conclusion, a ship is signaled by a fire to the island but the fire was not any of the two signal fires. The fire that signaled the ship was a savagery fire which was lit by Jack's gang in the quest for Ralph's blood. The Beast An imaginary beast representing the primal savagery instinct existing in all human beings frightens the boys. It's only Simon who realizes that they fear the beast because it exists in each one of them. As the savagery of the boys grows, so does their belief in the beast. Towards the conclusion, they are regarding it as a totemic god and leaving sacrifices for it. As evidenced in Lord of the Flies symbolism essay, their behavior tends to exhibit the image of the beast for the more savage they become the more real beast becomes as well. The Lord of the Flies The Lord of the Flies is symbolized by the bloody head of the sow that Jacks plants on a spike in the forest glade. In this Lord of the Flies symbolism essay, it is a complex symbol that turns into the most important image when a confrontation emerges with Simon. In their conversation, the head tells Simon that in every human heart lies evil. The head further promises to have fun with him as a prediction imagery of his death in the following chapter when he is attacked by Ralph and Piggy. Through the lord of the flies, the best physically manifests as a symbol of power and the devil that brings out the "beast" in every human being. Lord of the Flies symbolism essay thesis parallel contextualizes in a biblical perspective the Lord of the Flies with the devil and Simon with Jesus. On the other hand, the author infers the notion "Lord of the Flies" from the biblical inference of Beelzebub, a very powerful demon, the prince hell. Characters Lord of the Flies is a metaphorical story in which the characters represent an important theme or idea in the following manner as discussed in the essay about symbolism in lord of the flies: Ralph signifies leadership, civilization, and order. Piggy signifies the intellectual and scientific elements of civilization. Jack denotes uncontrollable savagery and thirst for power. Simon symbolizes the general goodness in humanity. Roger represents bloodlust and brutality on extreme scales. Analysis from lord of the flies essay symbolism depicts the boys' group as resembling a political state whereby the young boys are seen as the common people and the older as the leaders and ruling class. The co-existence of the group highlights the connection of the older boys to either the savage or civilized instinct. Ralph and Simon are civilized and apply their power in the interests of the young boys and the progress of the group in general. The savage inclined boys like Roger and Jack direct their powers to selfish interests in the event of using the young boys as instruments of their fun. Conclusion Almost every essay about symbolism in Lord of the Flies highlights William Golding's mastery in writing literal works. Symbolism in the book shows the author's message and opinion. That man would quickly resort to their violent tendencies when under pressure and how easy it would be for them to lose their innocence. Lord of the Flies symbolism essay reflects on aspects that unite, divide and progress society.